In this Ableton Live tutorial, Dubspot’s Rory PQ takes us through the basic tools and approaches to audio mastering using an Ableton Live native devices and an Audio Mastering Template that is available as a FREE download below. Learn many more industry secrets and advanced Mixing and Mastering techniques in our upcoming courses. See Dates and Register Today!
Audio mastering is the final and most crucial step in post-production. It is the process of taking a final mixdown and preparing it for distribution. Mastering is a skilled art that relies on a combination of audio technology, psychoacoustics, trained ears, and musical intuition. The goal during the mastering stage is to polish the final mix and give it that professional edge so that it stands up to commercial quality and loudness.
Using multiple tools, Mastering Engineers make subtle decisions to maximize the overall output level, correct mix balance issues, form a cohesive mix, enhance particular sonic characteristics, and apply various other processing moves to achieve a professional sounding master.
To help get a better understanding of the mastering process and the common tools used in a mastering chain, we created an Audio Mastering Template for Ableton Live available as a FREE download.
The template is intended to demonstrate some basic tools used in the mastering stage and uses all Ableton Live native devices. In addition, there are three audio tracks set up for referencing your master against other commercial masters. To use this template, simply load up your tracks, and apply only the devices needed for the job.
Glue Compressor | Bus Compression
Live’s Glue Compressor is an analog-modeled compressor based on the legendary SSL 4000 G-Master Bus Compressor from the classic 80’s SSL mixing console. SSL modeled compressors are ideal for compressing full mixes or bus groups because of their transparent compression characteristics and unique ability to “glue” a mix together while adding just the right amount of punch and drive. When using the Glue Compressor for mastering, it’s often recommended to use a longer Attack, shorter Release, and minimal Gain Reduction. The goal is to use subtle amounts of compression to achieve a more cohesive and punchier mix without compromising clarity. Also, placing the Glue Compressor first in our mastering chain will help tighten up the mix before applying further processing.
Alternative Compressors
The Glue by Cytomic
SSL G-Master Buss Compressor by Waves
SSL G Series Bus Compressor by Universal Audio
Dynamic Tube | Add Warmth
Applying subtle amounts of saturation to add texture and bit more perceived loudness is another approach mastering engineers use to shape the mix further. Second in our mastering chain, we added Live’s Dynamic Tube to apply some mild saturation over the entire mix. Dynamic Tube has characters of a tube amplifier and works great for warming up existing harmonics. You could also use Live’s Saturator device if you want a more aggressive sound. However, when mastering a mix, subtle moves often have better results, and the mild effect of Dynamic Tube works great in a mastering chain.
Alternative Saturation Plugins
Inflator by Sonnox Oxford
Vitalizer MK2-T by SPL
Varisaturator by Voxengo
Compressor | Gentle Squeeze
The third device in our mastering chain is Lives Compressor. It’s common to see various types of compressors being used in a mastering chain to achieve more RMS power without over compressing the mix. Mastering Engineers often use multiple compressors to share the workload. Using a few different compressors each with different sounding characteristics to apply subtle amounts of compression is a more transparent method to gently tame mix, and is often more pleasing sounding. Allowing a single compressor to do all the work may make a mix sound less powerful and more squashed. For example, two different compressors with 1.5dB of gain reduction may sound punchier and louder than the same compressor with 3dB of gain reduction.
Alternative Compressors
PuigChild 670 Compressor by Waves
Shadow Hills Mastering Compressor by Universal Audio
Virtual Buss Compressors by Slate Digital
Compressor | De-esser
The fourth device in our mastering chain is another instance of Live’s compressor configured to act as a de-esser. De-essers are more commonly used on individual tracks to remove sibilance from vocal tracks or even used to control excessive high-frequency information from other instruments such as hi-hats, snares, guitars, and other sounds with harsh frequencies. De-essers can also be used on an entire mix to tame unpleasant frequencies in an a controlled frequency range and achieve a smoother high end that will translate better on big systems. Enabling the Sidechain EQ on Compressor and choosing the Bandpass filter will allow use to focus on the frequency range that sounds harsh and apply gentle compression to control aggressive frequencies.
Alternative De-essers
SuprEsser DS by Sonnox Oxford
Pro-DS by FabFilter
Renaissance DeEsser by Waves
EQ Eight | Reductive Mid/Side EQ
Once you have a more cohesive and controlled mix, it’s common to use a digital parametric EQ to apply subtle amounts of reductive equalization to shape the mix further before applying additional processing. The fifth device in our mastering chain is Live’s EQ Eight set to Mid/Side Mode, which allows us to EQ the mid and side frequencies independently. It’s often recommended to reduce frequencies with one EQ and have another EQ dedicated for boosting frequencies later in the mastering chain if needed. Using multiple EQ’s gives us more control and allows us to use different types of EQ’s to apply different equalization characteristics. For example, digital EQ’s work best for reductive equalization, while others may prefer an analog modeled EQ for boosting frequencies because they color the sound in a pleasant way. When applying reductive EQ, Mastering Engineers often use a low shelf filter to control sub-sonic frequencies to reduce the load on speakers or sweep the mix and cut unpleasant frequencies. The goal here is to clean up the mix and control before applying additional processing effects.
Alternative Reductive Equalizers
Pro-Q 2 by FabFilter
bx_digital V2 by Brainworx
EQuilibrium by DMG Audio
Multiband Dynamics | Multiband Compression
The sixth device in our mastering chain is Live’s Multiband Dynamics for applying multiband compression. Dividing the mix into separate frequency bands allows us to have more control over independent frequency ranges. Live’s Multiband Dynamics device is a mastering processor that has three independent frequency bands, with adjustable crossover points and compression settings. Having independent control over the bands allows us to compress each frequency range differently and further balance the mix with the separate gain controls. A common move in mastering is to apply gentle compression to the low-frequency band so you can increase the output level or push the limiter harder to gain more low end without needing to boost with an EQ. This approach can often result in a more punchy and controlled bottom end.
Alternative Multiband Compressors
Alloy 2 by iZotope
Pro-MB by FabFilter
Linear Phase Multiband Compressor by Waves
Multiband Harmonics | 3 Band Exciter Rack
Another common move during mastering is applying different flavors of saturation across independent frequency ranges. Multiband harmonic enhancers create additional harmonics that deliver a warm enriched sound, and can often be used to enhance a sound more musically then boosting with an EQ. It’s common to see Mastering Engineers applying subtle amounts of saturation to the high and mid bands to give the mix more presence. Unfortunately, Live does not have a multiband exciter, so for our seventh device in our mastering chain we created a three band Audio Effects Rack using a phase inversion technique so that the rack has a more transparent sound. Each band is also loaded with Live’s Saturator device so that different amounts harmonic distortion can be applied across the frequency ranges. Alternatively, you could also use Live’s Dynamic Tube or Overdrive devices.
Alternative Multiband Harmonic Exciters
Ozone 6 by iZotope
Saturn by FabFilter
Vitamin Sonic Enhancer by Waves
Multiband Stereo Imaging | 3 Band Imager Rack
Multiband stereo imaging is another common move used in mastering. This technique allows you to widen or narrow the stereo field independently for each frequency band. Spatial imaging is used to enhance and alter stereo separation. For example, a Mastering Engineer may use stereo imaging to rebalance a stereo mix, transform a mono track to stereo, or enhance spatial imaging by widening the high and high-mid frequency bands. Typically the low-mid and low bands are left centered or even narrowed in the sub frequencies. For our eighth device in our mastering chain, we created a 3 Band Imager Rack similar to 3 Band Imager Rack only this time the frequency bands are loaded with devices to control stereo width. The Low and Mid bands are controlled with Live’s Utility device, and the High band is controlled with another Audio Effects Rack designed to create stereo separation with a psychoacoustic phenomenon known as the Haas Effect.
Alternative Stereo Imagers
Ozone 6 by iZotope
S1 Stereo Imager by Waves
MB-7 Mixer by Blue Cat
EQ Eight | Additive Mid/Side EQ
The ninth device in our mastering chain is another EQ Eight set to Mid/Side Mode and is used for additive equalization. Treating frequencies with additive EQ is a common move to enhance elements of a mix that sound dull or deficient. In this mastering chain, it is the last stop to add presence and shine if needed before reaching the limiter. The type of equalizer used at this stage is entirely up to you. Some Mastering Engineers prefer the transparency of digital EQ’s while other Engineers like the color and sound from modeled analog EQ’s.
Wave App Tutorial
Alternative Additive Equalizers
Pro-Q 2 by FabFilter
Passeq by SPL
Massive Passive by Universal Audio
Limiter | Loudness Maximizer
The last, and notably the most important device in our mastering chain is Live’s Limiter. Loudness maximizers allow you to create an overall louder or fuller master by limiting the dynamic range and boosting the perceived overall level of the mix. Enhancing loudness is crucial to meet commercial levels. Correctly applying limiting lets you boost the level of your mix without sacrificing dynamics and clarity.
Alternative Limiters
Pro-L by FabFilter
L1, L2 & L3 Ultramaximisers by Waves
FG-X by Slate Digital
Additional Devices | Reference Tools
Also included in the mastering chain is a Utility device with the wide set to mono for referencing your mix in mono. Checking your mix in mono is important to ensure your mix translates well on mono systems. Also, Live’s Spectrum device has been placed at the end of the chain to visualize, in real time, the frequency response of the audio signal across the entire frequency range of the mix. Spectrum analyzers and metering tools are the perfect tools for visualizing changes made during mixing and mastering, and are helpful in troubleshooting problematic mixes.
Conclusion
Now that you have some basic mastering knowledge, download the template, practice some of these approaches, experiment with rearranging the devices or swap them out with your prefered plugins, and have fun.
Mixing and Mastering Program
Learn the well-kept industry secrets of EQ, compression, panning, level balancing, reverb and special effects and transform rough ideas and basic compositions into a commercial master. Investigate how to use key concepts and tools in your tracks, while paying special attention to techniques of metering and spectral analysis in order to apply science alongside the art.
“The videos were helpful and the chats were great. I expected a lot out of this course and I got it!” – Jon Yu, California
This program gives you everything you need to refine tracks into a clear commercial quality release, including special mixing and mastering techniques for dubstep, techno, house, trance, downtempo, hip-hop, and the gamut of electronically-produced music.
You will learn to mix and master your tracks using the same plugins that top industry engineers use every day, including plugins by Sonnox, Metric Halo, Altiverb, Soundtoys, Izotope, Waves, URS, and Abbey Road. Register today!
Click here for detailed information on this program, including start dates and payment plans.
Or if you have questions, please call 877.DUBSPOT or send us a message.
- [Voiceover] Hi, I'm Dave Darlington.Welcome to Mixing Techniques with Waves Plugins.In this course I'll share with youmy go-to techniques for tone shapingwith the Renaissance EQ, Q Seriesand several of the awesome Hardware EQ emulations.(female vocals)Then I'll cover some of my approachesto compression and dynamics processingusing the CLA Series emulationswith the classic LA2A, LA3A, the 1176 and othersand some advanced techniqueslike multiband and sidechain compression.
Next, I'll show you how to createsonic ambiance and a sense of spacewith a few of Waves' killer reverb plugins.(clarinet music)We'll also look at some time-based effectsincluding H-Delay and Super-Tapand some really fun tools for creatingmodulation effects and movement in new tracksusing MondoMod and MetalFlanger and MetaFilter.Then there's my desert island survival kit,plugins I use every day for sculpting characterinto a variety of tracksand fine-tuning the stereo imaging.
Finally, we'll finish up with some mastering techniquesto help you bring new mixes up to world-classcompetitive standards.So let's dive in to some of my favorite MixingTechniques using Waves Plugins.
Earlier this week, Waves released their new DAW software for live recording: Tracks Live. The basic version is free, and has some very useful features for live sound engineers including 256 tracks, per-channel input monitoring, a multi-channel re-routing engine for quick virtual soundchecks and a system lock to protect against accidental key pressing. It also allows 192kHz recording (interface permitting) and runs on both Windows and Mac with any ASIO/Core Audio audio interface.
The Premium version, which still only costs $99, gives you MultiRack (normally $600), Waves' software host for their plug-ins. The paid-for version also adds phone and email tech support as well as priority updates and bug fixes.
While the software is unlikely to replace your main DAW of choice — its editing features are minimal — it might just have the right combination of tools to let you quickly and reliably capture live recordings. It also exports audio that is compatible with most other DAW software.
Here's what Waves have to say about it:
Waves Audio announces the availability of Waves Tracks Live, a multitrack recording software solution created with and for live sound engineers and designed to capture live performances of any kind, from the smallest gig to the largest production.
Tracks Live enables easy switching between stereo out and multi-out modes, allowing you to toggle back and forth between recording and virtual soundcheck with the click of a button. The automatic multichannel re-routing engine also adapts to any changes you make on the fly, making it easier than ever to set up big shows with hundreds of tracks.
Designed with close attention to every detail to ensure superior user experience, Tracks Live will make your live recording process faster, easier and absolutely reliable.
Highlights • ASIO/Core Audio-compatible and works with virtually any audio interface • PC- and Mac-compatible • Record and play back hundreds of tracks • Supported sample rate of up to 192 kHz • File formats compatible with all popular DAWs • Automatic track routing configuration • Fast switching between recording and virtual soundcheck • Meter bridge view for easy monitoring • System lock (to protect against accidental key pressing)
In this Ableton Live tutorial, Dubspot’s Rory PQ takes us through the basic tools and approaches to audio mastering using an Ableton Live native devices and an Audio Mastering Template that is available as a FREE download below. Learn many more industry secrets and advanced Mixing and Mastering techniques in our upcoming courses. See Dates and Register Today!
What is Audio Mastering?
Audio mastering is the final and most crucial step in post-production. It is the process of taking a final mixdown and preparing it for distribution. Mastering is a skilled art that relies on a combination of audio technology, psychoacoustics, trained ears, and musical intuition. The goal during the mastering stage is to polish the final mix and give it that professional edge so that it stands up to commercial quality and loudness.
Using multiple tools, Mastering Engineers make subtle decisions to maximize the overall output level, correct mix balance issues, form a cohesive mix, enhance particular sonic characteristics, and apply various other processing moves to achieve a professional sounding master.
To help get a better understanding of the mastering process and the common tools used in a mastering chain, we created an Audio Mastering Template for Ableton Live available as a FREE download.
The template is intended to demonstrate some basic tools used in the mastering stage and uses all Ableton Live native devices. In addition, there are three audio tracks set up for referencing your master against other commercial masters. To use this template, simply load up your tracks, and apply only the devices needed for the job.
Glue Compressor | Bus Compression
Live’s Glue Compressor is an analog-modeled compressor based on the legendary SSL 4000 G-Master Bus Compressor from the classic 80’s SSL mixing console. SSL modeled compressors are ideal for compressing full mixes or bus groups because of their transparent compression characteristics and unique ability to “glue” a mix together while adding just the right amount of punch and drive. When using the Glue Compressor for mastering, it’s often recommended to use a longer Attack, shorter Release, and minimal Gain Reduction. The goal is to use subtle amounts of compression to achieve a more cohesive and punchier mix without compromising clarity. Also, placing the Glue Compressor first in our mastering chain will help tighten up the mix before applying further processing.
Alternative Compressors
The Glue by Cytomic
SSL G-Master Buss Compressor by Waves
SSL G Series Bus Compressor by Universal Audio
Dynamic Tube | Add Warmth
Applying subtle amounts of saturation to add texture and bit more perceived loudness is another approach mastering engineers use to shape the mix further. Second in our mastering chain, we added Live’s Dynamic Tube to apply some mild saturation over the entire mix. Dynamic Tube has characters of a tube amplifier and works great for warming up existing harmonics. You could also use Live’s Saturator device if you want a more aggressive sound. However, when mastering a mix, subtle moves often have better results, and the mild effect of Dynamic Tube works great in a mastering chain.
Alternative Saturation Plugins
Inflator by Sonnox Oxford
Vitalizer MK2-T by SPL
Varisaturator by Voxengo
Compressor | Gentle Squeeze
The third device in our mastering chain is Lives Compressor. It’s common to see various types of compressors being used in a mastering chain to achieve more RMS power without over compressing the mix. Mastering Engineers often use multiple compressors to share the workload. Using a few different compressors each with different sounding characteristics to apply subtle amounts of compression is a more transparent method to gently tame mix, and is often more pleasing sounding. Allowing a single compressor to do all the work may make a mix sound less powerful and more squashed. For example, two different compressors with 1.5dB of gain reduction may sound punchier and louder than the same compressor with 3dB of gain reduction.
Alternative Compressors
PuigChild 670 Compressor by Waves
Shadow Hills Mastering Compressor by Universal Audio
Virtual Buss Compressors by Slate Digital
Compressor | De-esser
The fourth device in our mastering chain is another instance of Live’s compressor configured to act as a de-esser. De-essers are more commonly used on individual tracks to remove sibilance from vocal tracks or even used to control excessive high-frequency information from other instruments such as hi-hats, snares, guitars, and other sounds with harsh frequencies. De-essers can also be used on an entire mix to tame unpleasant frequencies in an a controlled frequency range and achieve a smoother high end that will translate better on big systems. Enabling the Sidechain EQ on Compressor and choosing the Bandpass filter will allow use to focus on the frequency range that sounds harsh and apply gentle compression to control aggressive frequencies.
Alternative De-essers
SuprEsser DS by Sonnox Oxford
Pro-DS by FabFilter
Renaissance DeEsser by Waves
EQ Eight | Reductive Mid/Side EQ
Once you have a more cohesive and controlled mix, it’s common to use a digital parametric EQ to apply subtle amounts of reductive equalization to shape the mix further before applying additional processing. The fifth device in our mastering chain is Live’s EQ Eight set to Mid/Side Mode, which allows us to EQ the mid and side frequencies independently. It’s often recommended to reduce frequencies with one EQ and have another EQ dedicated for boosting frequencies later in the mastering chain if needed. Using multiple EQ’s gives us more control and allows us to use different types of EQ’s to apply different equalization characteristics. For example, digital EQ’s work best for reductive equalization, while others may prefer an analog modeled EQ for boosting frequencies because they color the sound in a pleasant way. When applying reductive EQ, Mastering Engineers often use a low shelf filter to control sub-sonic frequencies to reduce the load on speakers or sweep the mix and cut unpleasant frequencies. The goal here is to clean up the mix and control before applying additional processing effects.
Alternative Reductive Equalizers
Pro-Q 2 by FabFilter
bx_digital V2 by Brainworx
EQuilibrium by DMG Audio
Multiband Dynamics | Multiband Compression
The sixth device in our mastering chain is Live’s Multiband Dynamics for applying multiband compression. Dividing the mix into separate frequency bands allows us to have more control over independent frequency ranges. Live’s Multiband Dynamics device is a mastering processor that has three independent frequency bands, with adjustable crossover points and compression settings. Having independent control over the bands allows us to compress each frequency range differently and further balance the mix with the separate gain controls. A common move in mastering is to apply gentle compression to the low-frequency band so you can increase the output level or push the limiter harder to gain more low end without needing to boost with an EQ. This approach can often result in a more punchy and controlled bottom end.
Alternative Multiband Compressors
Alloy 2 by iZotope
Pro-MB by FabFilter
Linear Phase Multiband Compressor by Waves
Multiband Harmonics | 3 Band Exciter Rack
Another common move during mastering is applying different flavors of saturation across independent frequency ranges. Multiband harmonic enhancers create additional harmonics that deliver a warm enriched sound, and can often be used to enhance a sound more musically then boosting with an EQ. It’s common to see Mastering Engineers applying subtle amounts of saturation to the high and mid bands to give the mix more presence. Unfortunately, Live does not have a multiband exciter, so for our seventh device in our mastering chain we created a three band Audio Effects Rack using a phase inversion technique so that the rack has a more transparent sound. Each band is also loaded with Live’s Saturator device so that different amounts harmonic distortion can be applied across the frequency ranges. Alternatively, you could also use Live’s Dynamic Tube or Overdrive devices.
Even if you don’t want to drastically change Fallout 4, there are plenty of quality-of-life experiences that make the game prettier, more streamlined, and flat-out more fun. The Best Fallout 4 PS4 Mods. With all of that out of the way, it’s time we look at some of the best mods for Fallout 4 PS4. You’ll have a lot to choose from, after all. Fallout 4 Mods Are Coming To PS4 After All. Fallout 4 is set to launch this November for consoles and PC and the mod tools will launch shortly thereafter. According to Todd Howard, mods for consoles should be made available throughout the early half of 2016. Patch 1.6 has platform-specific fixes and over-all gameplay improvements for the mods' Creation Kit app. Although Bethesda has not promised a specific release date for the mods feature on the PS4, it is possible that it will come out before the last major DLC for 'Fallout 4' rolls out, which means any time next month. Don't let that kill your enthusiasm for PS4 modding entirely though, as there's still several overhaul mods that significantly change up the Fallout 4 experience on the Playstation platform. Over the next several slides we cover some of the best of the best in PS4 overhaul mods that you should be trying out immediately. Fallout 4 ps4 mods trophies. Fallout 4 PS4 mods are coming soon, so Bethesda has released a list of compatible tweaks that should be ready for use on or around day one. The number of choices is steadily growing as the days pass, but it’s clear that Sony players will have dozens of small ways to customize their game very soon.
Alternative Multiband Harmonic Exciters
Ozone 6 by iZotope
Saturn by FabFilter
Vitamin Sonic Enhancer by Waves
Multiband Stereo Imaging | 3 Band Imager Rack
Multiband stereo imaging is another common move used in mastering. This technique allows you to widen or narrow the stereo field independently for each frequency band. Spatial imaging is used to enhance and alter stereo separation. For example, a Mastering Engineer may use stereo imaging to rebalance a stereo mix, transform a mono track to stereo, or enhance spatial imaging by widening the high and high-mid frequency bands. Typically the low-mid and low bands are left centered or even narrowed in the sub frequencies. For our eighth device in our mastering chain, we created a 3 Band Imager Rack similar to 3 Band Imager Rack only this time the frequency bands are loaded with devices to control stereo width. The Low and Mid bands are controlled with Live’s Utility device, and the High band is controlled with another Audio Effects Rack designed to create stereo separation with a psychoacoustic phenomenon known as the Haas Effect.
Alternative Stereo Imagers
Ozone 6 by iZotope
S1 Stereo Imager by Waves
MB-7 Mixer by Blue Cat
EQ Eight | Additive Mid/Side EQ
The ninth device in our mastering chain is another EQ Eight set to Mid/Side Mode and is used for additive equalization. Treating frequencies with additive EQ is a common move to enhance elements of a mix that sound dull or deficient. In this mastering chain, it is the last stop to add presence and shine if needed before reaching the limiter. The type of equalizer used at this stage is entirely up to you. Some Mastering Engineers prefer the transparency of digital EQ’s while other Engineers like the color and sound from modeled analog EQ’s.
Alternative Additive Equalizers
Pro-Q 2 by FabFilter
Passeq by SPL
Massive Passive by Universal Audio
Limiter | Loudness Maximizer
The last, and notably the most important device in our mastering chain is Live’s Limiter. Loudness maximizers allow you to create an overall louder or fuller master by limiting the dynamic range and boosting the perceived overall level of the mix. Enhancing loudness is crucial to meet commercial levels. Correctly applying limiting lets you boost the level of your mix without sacrificing dynamics and clarity.
Alternative Limiters
Pro-L by FabFilter
L1, L2 & L3 Ultramaximisers by Waves
FG-X by Slate Digital
Additional Devices | Reference Tools
Also included in the mastering chain is a Utility device with the wide set to mono for referencing your mix in mono. Checking your mix in mono is important to ensure your mix translates well on mono systems. Also, Live’s Spectrum device has been placed at the end of the chain to visualize, in real time, the frequency response of the audio signal across the entire frequency range of the mix. Spectrum analyzers and metering tools are the perfect tools for visualizing changes made during mixing and mastering, and are helpful in troubleshooting problematic mixes.
Conclusion
Now that you have some basic mastering knowledge, download the template, practice some of these approaches, experiment with rearranging the devices or swap them out with your prefered plugins, and have fun.
Mixing and Mastering Program
Learn the well-kept industry secrets of EQ, compression, panning, level balancing, reverb and special effects and transform rough ideas and basic compositions into a commercial master. Investigate how to use key concepts and tools in your tracks, while paying special attention to techniques of metering and spectral analysis in order to apply science alongside the art.
“The videos were helpful and the chats were great. I expected a lot out of this course and I got it!” – Jon Yu, California
This program gives you everything you need to refine tracks into a clear commercial quality release, including special mixing and mastering techniques for dubstep, techno, house, trance, downtempo, hip-hop, and the gamut of electronically-produced music.
You will learn to mix and master your tracks using the same plugins that top industry engineers use every day, including plugins by Sonnox, Metric Halo, Altiverb, Soundtoys, Izotope, Waves, URS, and Abbey Road. Register today!
Click here for detailed information on this program, including start dates and payment plans.
Or if you have questions, please call 877.DUBSPOT or send us a message.